鹫峰国家森林公园主要乔木树种含碳率分析

应用湿烧法对鹫峰主要乔木树种不同器官的有机含碳率进行了测定,同时利用生物量资料对林分地上部分平均含碳率进行了分析。试验结果表明,根据各器官生物量的权重来计算森林类型林分平均含碳率的值与每个树种各器官含碳率的算术平均值具有差异,5种林分类型的地上部分的含碳率分别为:侧柏0.509 6,油松0.516 1,槲栎0.474 9,刺槐0.475 5,栓皮栎0.480 3;针叶树种各器官的平均含碳率普遍高于阔叶树种,相应的针叶林分的平均含碳率也高于阔叶林;种内各组分变异系数在2.44%~5.30%之间,组分含碳率的种间变异系数在3.84%~6.22%之间,变动幅度较小;不同立地条件的同一树种含碳率差异不大。     

种基盘的基质吸水保水性能研究

种基盘造林法是一种局部改善植物生长环境的播种技术,为了使其更好的应用于华北土石山区播种造林,本研究在种基盘基质配方中添加了复合海藻肥(SCF)和土壤防蚀剂(SED),并对不同用量组合下的15种配方进行了吸水试验和蒸发试验。结果表明,这2种添加物能有效改善基盘的保水性能,其中SCF对基质饱和含水量、吸水速率和蒸发失水比的影响均显著,并且用量为0.75 g.m-2时,吸水速率和饱和含水量最大、蒸发失水比最小,保水性能较好;SED对基质饱和含水量和吸水速率的影响不显著,对蒸发失水比的影响显著,并且用量为4 g时蒸发失水比最小,抑制蒸发的效果最好。     

基于树种分类的高分辨率遥感数据纹理特征分析

遥感图像尤其是高分辨率（1~4 m）遥感图像在树种分类方面有着广阔的应用前景。利用主成分分析法对遥感数据去相关分析,然后通过对纹理提取过程的分析,探讨不同移动窗口大小对纹理特征的影响,以期为中山陵园风景区的森林调查提供依据,分类方法为经典的最大似然分类器。根据不同移动窗口大小的纹理因子相关性和对保持纹理信息丰富度的影响,来选择合适的窗口大小及纹理因子组合,以对树种分类精度的提高程度为评价标准。研究结果表明,利用窗口大小为19 19下的纹理信息可有效提高分类精度,总精度达到66%,Kappa系数达到0.59,比单纯的光谱信息最大似然法图像分类精度高,其中均值与均匀性、对比度、偏斜度纹理因子组合为最佳纹理组合,能有效减少数据冗余。高分辨率遥感数据纹理信息的运用为树种分类识别时的特征选择提供了有利技术参考。图4表3参19     

厚壳贻贝早期幼虫低温保存的影响研究

探讨低温(4 ℃)条件下的厚壳贻贝早期幼虫保存可能性,同时调查了不同培育密度对低温保存的影响。在正常条件下,继续培育低温保存后的幼虫,并调查其存活率和生长的变化。 结果表明,在低温保存后,早期幼虫存活率较高,超过95%;厚壳贻贝早期幼虫的壳长和壳高出现显著性的增长。不同培育组间,培育密度对厚壳贻贝早期幼虫的存活和生长影响不同,表明密度是幼虫低温保存的一个重要因素。在正常培育条件下,低温保存后的幼虫,3周后其存活率明显低于对照组,但仍超过50%,且其生长速度明显高于对照组。因此,低温培育是保存厚壳贻贝早期幼虫的有效方法,可用于今后贝类幼虫生物学实验和人工育苗技术的改善研究。     

Whole farm implications on the application of variable rate technology to every cropped field

In the last 10 years precision agriculture has evolved and it is now possible to manage cropping inputs at the sub field scale. However, the expected return generated by these management practices varies with the amount and predictability of the spatial variation in crop yield across the field and may vary from field to field across the farm. We analysed the spatial variation of crop yield from 20 fields totalling 2832 ha from a 5200 ha farm in Western Australia at the field and the sub field scale to determine the economic value of introducing variable rate management (VRT) strategies to fields across the entire farm. In this case study, 6 out of 20 fields generated an additional economic payoff of AU$15/ha when managed with VRT over uniform management. Sensitivity analysis found that the starting levels of soil fertility were an important driver of the payoff for managing a field with VRT. If starting soil fertility was low and uniform across the field, then no fields generated an economic return of more than AU$7.00/ha when managed with VRT. Other factors, including commodity price, fertiliser price, amount of variation in crop yield within the field moderately increased the value of adopting VRT across fields within farm the value of VRT increased if fertiliser budgets were constrained, particularly if the yield distribution of the field was negatively skewed. While VRT does add value to many fields across the farm, the gains are small and the technology must be implemented cheaply for it to be viable.     

Improving in-season nitrogen recommendations for maize using an active sensor

An active crop canopy reflectance sensor could be used to increase N-use efficiency in maize (Zea mays L.), if temporal and spatial variability in soil N availability and plant demand are adequately accounted for with an in-season N application. Our objective was to evaluate the success of using an active canopy sensor for developing maize N recommendations. This study was conducted in 21 farmers’ fields from 2007 to 2009, representing the maize production regions of east central and southeastern Pennsylvania, USA. Four blocks at each site included seven sidedress N rates (0–280 kg N ha⁻¹) and one at-planting N rate of 280 kg N ha⁻¹. Canopy reflectance in the 590 nm and 880 nm wavelengths, soil samples, chlorophyll meter (SPAD) measurements and above-ground biomass were collected at the 6th–7th-leaf growth stage (V6–V7). Relative amber normalized difference vegetative index (ANDVI_relative) and relative SPAD (SPAD_relative) were determined based on the relative measurements from the zero sidedress treatment to the 280 kg N ha⁻¹ at-planting treatment. Observations from the current study were compared to relationships between economic optimum N rate (EONR) and ANDVI_relative, presidedress NO₃ test (PSNT), or SPAD_relative that were developed from a previous study. These comparisons were based on an absolute mean difference (AMD) between observed EONR and the previously determined predicted relationships. The AMD for the relationship between EONR and ANDVI_relative in the current study was 46 kg N ha⁻¹. Neither the PSNT (AMD = 66 kg N ha⁻¹) nor the SPAD_relative (AMD = 72 kg N ha⁻¹) provided as good an indicator of EONR. When using all the observations from the two studies for the relationships between EONR and the various measurements, ANDVI_relative (R² = 0.65) provided a better estimate of EONR than PSNT (R² = 0.49) or SPAD_relative (not significant). Crop reflectance captured similar information as the PSNT and SPAD_relative, as reflected in strong relationships (R² > 0.60) among these variables. Crop canopy reflectance using an active sensor (i.e. ANDVI_relative) provided as good or better an indicator of EONR than PSNT or SPAD_relative, and provides an opportunity to easily adjust in-season N applications spatially.     

Post-flowering leaflet removals increase pod initiation in soybean canopies

Much of the yield variation in soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) crops is related to changes in pod and seed number. Pod number is the result of pod initiation and pod abscission while seed number is the result of potential seed per pod and seed abortion. However, the physiological regulation of these processes is not well understood. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the role of post-flowering changes in source size and canopy structure on pod initiation, pod abscission and seed abortion in soybean. Two soybean genotypes: DM48 and A7409 (maturity groups IV and VII, respectively) were used. Leaflet removal treatments (L) consisted of removing none (L0), one (L1) or two (L2) lateral leaflets of every developed trifoliate leaf present. Leaflet removals were applied twice: the first at full bloom and the second shortly after the beginning seed stage. Crop growth rate (CGR), leaf area index (LAI), light interception (LI), and relative leaf growth rate, were determined during the periods in which numerical components are established. For the period between the first and the second leaflet removal, CGR remained unchanged among L treatments in both genotypes because LAI reductions were compensated through an increase in the net assimilation rate of the remaining leaves. The first leaflet removal increased the relative leaf growth rate and the number of pods initiated (PI) and these increases were inversely related to the remaining LAI in both genotypes. Moreover, the inverse relationship between LAI and PI was sustained at LAI below and above critical (i.e., LAI for 95% LI) and was not related to CGR or LI. The number of pod abscised also increased with the level of leaflet removal during the first and main abscission period in both genotypes and the percentage of pod abscission was directly related to the seed growth rate per unit leaf area during the abscission period. Seed abortion was inversely related to LAI after the second leaflet removal. Only the highest level of leaflet removals (i.e., L2) was able to reduce seed size in both genotypes. Whereas pod abscission, seed abortion and seed size could be related to indicators of canopy assimilatory capability pod initiation was not, suggesting that other physiological mechanism/s operate in the regulation of pod initiation. In addition, our results suggest that early (i.e., at flowering) canopy closure may negatively impact pod initiation in soybean. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to document that the number of initiated pods is inversely related to LAI in soybean canopies.     

不同杀青工艺对松阳香茶品质的影响

本文针对松阳香茶存在的色泽不绿,香气不高等品质问题,采用不同杀青温度和不同的投叶量处理,研究其对松阳香茶品质的影响。结果表明：其他工艺相同的基础上,采用80型滚筒杀青机杀青,下锅温度以250℃,投叶量在100kg／h时,炒制的香茶品质最佳。     

有机营养元素溶液浸种对小麦种子发芽率及根长的影响

采用3种不同有机营养元素溶液对2个冬小麦品种进行浸种处理,以纯水浸种为对照,研究不同处理对小麦种子发芽率及平均根长的影响。结果表明,有机营养元素溶液浸种小麦种子的发芽率和平均根长均低于对照。     

黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒西瓜、甜瓜种子的带毒率和传毒率

[目的]加强种子带毒检测,防止黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒 (Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus,CGMMV)通过种子传播而导致该病害的扩散和流行.[方法]以感染CGMMV的西瓜、甜瓜病株收获的种子为材料,应用DAS-ELISA检测感染CGMMV的种子带毒率和传毒率.[结果]250粒西瓜种子全部为阳性,带毒率达100%;623株西瓜幼苗14株为阳性,传毒率为2.25%.130粒甜瓜种子122粒为阳性,带毒率达93.85%;2 050株甜瓜幼苗58株为阳性,传毒率为2.83%.灵敏度检测种子带毒量在感染种子研磨样体积与健康种子研磨样体积为1/1 000时仍检测是阳性;叶片带毒量在病叶研磨样体积与健康叶研磨样体积为1/10 000时仍检测是阳性.[结论]感染CGMMV西瓜、甜瓜种子带毒率高而传毒率相对较低,说明CGMMV主要以种子表面带毒为主.灵敏度检测表明DAS-ELISA能进行大批量的种子检测.